Place Name
Named after the 12thCentury church of St Botolph-by-Billingsgate, which stood on the south side of Thames Street. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 but not rebuilt. It was one of four medieval churches dedicated to this 7thCentury English saint who was the patron of travellers, hence churches near gates and quays were often dedicated to him. He also gave his name to Boston, in Lincolnshire, where he is thought to have founded an abbey. The road was recorded as Seyntbotulfeslane in 1349 and Botulpheslane in 1432. The Parish & Ward Church of St. Botolph without Bishopsgate explains: “Botolph and his brother Adolph were young Saxon nobles living in the 7thCentury, and were sent for their education to a Benedictine Abbey in France. Adolph rose to be a Dutch Bishop, whilst Botolph came back to his native East Anglia. He was given, by King Anna, a grant of land on which to build a monastery. This land was at Icanhoh, a site that has been said to be the present Boston (Botolph’s Town) in Lincolnshire but is more likely to have been Iken, near Aldeburgh in Suffolk. Certainly Icanhoh was in a marshland area, for Botolph was said to have expelled the swamps of their ‘Devils’ – in fact, he probably had the marshes drained and eliminated the ‘marsh gas’ with its night glow.” He died in AD680 and his monastery lasted a further two centuries until it was destroyed by the Danes. King Edgar ordered that the saint’s remains be removed from the ruins, and divided into three parts: the head to be taken to Ely, the torso to Thorney, and the remainder to Westminster Abbey. “The relics were brought to London through various towns and eventually through the four City gates of Aldersgate, Bishopsgate, Aldgate and Billingsgate. The churches at the entrances to these gates were named after him.”
