Place Name
Sir Walter Raleigh (born sometime around 1553 – October 29, 1618), writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy, explorer, and quite possibly the man responsible for killing more people before or since with his introduction of tobacco to England – others also hold this dubious honour but Raleigh certainly made it fashionable at court. It is however for his local connection that he is remembered here since he owned a property near the corner of Upper Street and Theberton Street, which later became the Pied Bull Inn until it was demolished in the first half of the 19thCentury. Raleigh came to notice of the Queen with his adventures against the Spaniards in 1578 and later suppressing rebels in Ireland. With her backing he sent settlers to colonise North Carolina in 1585 but this and a subsequent attempt to set up a colony in Virginia failed. For a time he fell out of favour and faced accusations of atheism, further blotting his copybook for seducing one of the Queen’s maids in 1592. Back on the high seas he headed to South America to find the fabled city of gold, El Dorado, which was ultimately unsuccessful. But his exploits against the Spanish at Cadiz in 1596 and the Azores in 1597, plus his moves against the rebellious Essex in 1601 reinstated him as the monarch’s favourite. He was not so fortunate after James I took the crown. After being accused of treason, which he vehemently denied, he was sentenced to death but only imprisoned. During his incarceration he wrote a History of the World. On his freedom he returned to the sea, but against his own orders, his men attacked a Spanish settlement in violation of a treaty. On his return the death sentence was reimposed. At his beheading on October 29, 1618 he apparently said to his executioner: “Let us dispatch.” Adding: “At this hour my ague comes upon me. I would not have my enemies think I quaked from fear.” After he was allowed to see the axe that would be used to behead him, he mused: “This is a sharp Medicine, but it is a Physician for all diseases and miseries.” Following his death the property was sold to a Sir John Miler, Knight, of Islington and Devon. Raleigh did have another connection to the area, it was said that he was connected with the nearby Queen’s Head Inn. In the 30th year of Elizabeth I’s reign, Sir Walter obtained a patent “to make licences for keeping of taverns and retailing of wines throughout England.” This house may be one of those to which Raleigh granted licences, and the sign then marked the reign in which it was granted.
